‏522.00 ₪

Nelson Pediatric Symptom-Based Diagnosis: Common Diseases and their Mimics

‏522.00 ₪

ISBN13

9780323761741

תאריך יציאה לאור

6 באפר׳ 2022

לדלג לסוף של גלריית תמונות

לדלג להתחלה של גלריית תמונות

פרטים

Patients don’t present with a disease; they present with symptoms. Using a practical, symptom-based organization, Nelson Pediatric Symptom-Based Diagnosis: Common Diseases and their Mimics, 2nd Edition, offers authoritative guidance on differential diagnosis and treatment of diseases and disorders in children and adolescents, and covers the symptoms you’re likely to see in practice, their mimics, and uncommon disorders. Drs. Robert M. Kliegman, Heather Toth, Brett J. Bordini, and Donald Basel walk you through what to consider and how to proceed when faced with common symptoms such as cough, fever, headache, autistic-like behaviors, chronic pain, chest pain, gait disturbances, and much more.

מידע נוסף

מידע נוסף
תאריך יציאה לאור	6 באפר׳ 2022
תוכן עניינים	Title page Table of Contents Copyright Dedication Contributors Preface Section 1. Symptom-Based Diagnosis 1. Disease Mimics: An Approach to Undiagnosed Diseases Diagnosis: It All Starts with a Symptom Diagnosis as an Iterative Process Diagnosis as a Collaborative Process and the Team-Based Approach Section 2. Respiratory Disorders 2. Sore Throat Viral Pharyngitis Infectious Mononucleosis Bacterial Pharyngitis Infection with Streptococci That Are Not Group A (Non-A Streptococci) Gonococcal Pharyngitis Chlamydial and Mycoplasmal Infections Oral-Pharyngeal Facial Space Pain 3. Cough Introduction When Cough Itself Is a Problem 4. Respiratory Distress Diagnostic Approach History Physical Examination Laboratory Tests Imaging Causes of Respiratory Distress Nonpulmonary Causes of Respiratory Distress 5. Earache History Physical Examination Diagnostic Tests Differential Diagnosis Otitis Externa Necrotizing (Malignant) Otitis Externa Acute Otitis Media Otitis Media with Effusion Mastoiditis Cholesteatoma Intracranial Complications 6. Apparent Life-Threatening Event/Brief Resolved Unexplained Event Definition Epidemiology Etiology Clinical Evaluation Differential Diagnosis by System Section 3. Cardiac Disorders 7. Syncope and Dizziness Syncope Neurocardiogenic Syncope Orthostatic Syncope Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome Cardiac Syncope/Sudden Cardiac Death Neurologic Causes of Syncope-Like Episodes Metabolic Causes of Syncope Syncopal-Like Episodes in Infants and Toddlers Psychiatric Causes of Syncope Evaluation of the Syncopal Child Summary and Red Flags Vertigo Evaluation of the Patient with Vertigo Summary and Red Flags Disequilibrium Summary and Red Flags Lightheadedness Evaluation of the Patient with Lightheadedness Summary and Red Flags 8. Chest Pain Causes of Chest Pain Approach to the Patient with Chest Pain 9. Murmurs The Thorax Origins of the Heart Sounds The Cardiac Cycle Changes in the Circulation at Birth Normal Intracardiac Pressures Pediatric Cardiovascular Evaluation Symptoms and Signs of Heart Disease Cardiovascular Assessment Classification of Cardiac Murmurs Pediatric Murmur Evaluation Systolic Murmurs Diastolic Murmurs Continuous Murmurs Murmurs in Children with Normal Hearts Murmurs Caused by Common Lesions with Left-to-Right Shunt Patent Ductus Arteriosus Ventricular Septal Defects Complete Atrioventricular Septal Defects Murmurs Caused by Common Lesions with Right-to-Left Shunt and Cyanosis Tricuspid Valve Atresia Pulmonary Atresia with Intact Ventricular Septum Transposition of the Great Arteries Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome Murmurs Caused by Common Lesions with Simple Obstruction Pulmonary Valve Stenosis Aortic Valve Stenosis Coarctation of the Aorta Mitral Valve Stenosis Murmurs Caused by Atrioventricular Valve and Semilunar Valve Insufficiency Miscellaneous Cardiac Anomalies Pulmonary Hypertension Approach to Congenital Heart Disease Acute Rheumatic Fever and Rheumatic Heart Disease Infective Endocarditis Summary and Red Flags 10. Shock What Is Shock: Pathophysiology Key Historical Elements to Aid in Diagnosis and Etiology of Shock Physical Examination to Assess and Manage Shock Diagnostic Evaluation of Shock Types of Shock Pediatric Septic Shock First Critical Actions in the Evaluation and Treatment of Shock Anaphylaxis 11. Hypertension Presentation Etiology Infantile Hypertension Childhood Hypertension Evaluation Investigation of Infantile Hypertension Investigation of Symptomatic Childhood Hypertension (Fig. 11.2 and Table 11.10) Red Flags Section 4. Gastrointestinal Disorders 12. Failure to Thrive Normal Growth Definitions Interpretation of Growth Charts Epidemiology Clinical Presentation Approach to Determining Etiology Overall Approach to Management Nutritional Supplementation for the Older Infant and Child Children with Special Health Care Needs Criteria for Hospitalization Monitoring Long-Term Outcomes Protein Energy Malnutrition 13. Abdominal Pain Pathophysiology of Abdominal Pain Acute Abdominal Pain Specific Causes of Acute Abdominal Pain Chronic Abdominal Pain Making a Diagnosis of Functional Abdominal Pain 14. Diarrhea Acute Diarrhea Chronic Diarrhea 15. Vomiting and Regurgitation Definitions Neuroanatomy of Vomiting Neurochemical Basis of Vomiting Data to Guide the Diagnosis 16. Gastrointestinal Bleeding Definitions Approach to Gastrointestinal Bleeding Hematemesis and Melena: Upper Gastrointestinal Bleed Hematochezia: Lower Gastrointestinal Bleed Occult Gastrointestinal Bleeding Diagnostic Evaluations Summary and Red Flags 17. Hepatomegaly Assessment of the Liver Evaluation of the Child with Hepatomegaly Specific Issues in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatomegaly 18. Jaundice Diagnostic Strategies Jaundice in the Neonate and Infant Jaundice in the Child and Adolescent 19. Constipation Physiology of Normal Defecation and Constipation Data Collection and Assessment Differential Diagnosis Encopresis 20. Abdominal Masses Diagnostic Strategies Splenomegaly Splenectomy Neuroblastoma Renal Masses Liver Tumors Congenital Dilatation of the Bile Ducts Intestinal and Pancreatic Masses Ovarian Tumors Soft Tissue Sarcoma Section 5. Genitourinary Disorders 21. Dysuria Neonates Children 2–24 Months of Age Preschool Children School-Aged/Prepubertal Children Adolescents 22. Proteinuria Nephrotic Syndrome in Young Children Minimal Change Disease Other Forms of Nephrotic Syndrome Nephrotic Syndrome in Infants Younger Than 1 Year Asymptomatic Proteinuria Disorders 23. Hematuria Gross Hematuria Microscopic Hematuria More Common Causes of Hematuria Uncommon Causes of Hematuria in Childhood 24. Acute and Chronic Scrotal Swelling Scrotal and Inguinal Anatomy Diagnostic Strategies Differential Diagnosis Torsion of the Appendix Testis Epididymitis, Epididymoorchitis, and Orchitis Trauma and Hematocele Varicocele Inguinal Hernia Hydrocele Testicular Tumors Meconium Peritonitis Scrotal Wall Swelling Referred Pain Red Flags 25. Menstrual Problems and Vaginal Bleeding Prepubertal Vaginal Bleeding Abnormal Bleeding in Adolescence Review of the Menstrual Cycle Pregnancy Coagulopathy Ovulatory Dysfunction Endometrial Causes Iatrogenic Causes Not Yet Classified Structural Causes: PALM Congenital Anomalies Treatment Menstrual Pain in Adolescents Summary and Red Flags 26. Disorders of Sex Development Overview of Sex Differentiation Overview of Gonadal Function Diagnostic Approach to the Patient with Atypical or Ambiguous Genitalia Basic Approaches to the Diagnosis and Management of Disorders of Sex Development Specific Types of Disorders of Sex Development Red Flags Section 6. Developmental and Psychiatric Disorders 27. Intellectual Developmental Disorders (Developmental Delay) Definitions Epidemiology Diagnosis Identification Screening for Specific Abnormalities Identification of Children with Developmental Disabilities in Primary Health Care Settings Comprehensive Developmental Assessment Formal Neurodevelopmental Assessments Diagnostic Strategy Laboratory Testing Specific Conditions Treatment Pitfalls and Hazards in Developmental Diagnosis 28. Neurocognitive and Developmental Regression Diagnostic Approach Genetic Evaluation Summary and Red Flags 29. Dysmorphology Diagnostic Approaches Teratology Birth Defects Clinical Classification Dysmorphic Evaluation Assembling the Data Minimal Diagnostic Criteria Tools to Assist the Diagnostic Odyssey 30. The Irritable Infant Diagnostic Approach Addressing Caregivers’ Response to Crying Specific Diagnoses 31. Emotional and Behavioral Symptoms Conditions Characterized by Abnormal Behaviors Conditions Characterized by Disruption in Mood Conditions Characterized by Worry, Fear, and Panic Conditions Characterized by Mental Status Abnormalities Conditions Characterized by Physical Findings or Complaints 32. Autistic-like Behaviors Diagnostic Criteria Medical Work-Up Genetic Testing and Diagnosis Genetic Disorders That Co-Occur With Autism Spectrum Disorder Metabolic Disorders That Present with Autistic-Like Features 33. Chronic Pain Chronic Pain Summary and Red Flags Section 7. Neurosensory Disorders 34. Headaches History Physical Examination Neuroimaging Laboratory Investigations Classification of Headaches 35. Hypotonia and Weakness Muscle Weakness and Hypotonia Evaluating Hypotonia Hypotonic Infant Weak Child 36. Rhabdomyolysis Rhabdomyolysis Hospital Follow-Up Diseases Infectious Trauma Drug/Toxin Muscle Disease Myopathies Glycogen Metabolism/McArdle DISEASE 37. Stroke Definitions The Symptoms of Stroke Stroke Syndromes by Age Perinatal Stroke Stroke in Children Stroke in Adolescents Causes of Stroke Unrelated to Age 38. Hypertonicity Definitions History Cerebral Palsy Hereditary Hyperekplexia Stiff Person Syndrome Tetanus Myogenic Etiologies of Hypertonicity Drug-Related Hypertonicity Opisthotonus 39. Paroxysmal Disorders History Physical Examination Red Flags Paroxysmal Spells of Altered Behavior or Movement Epileptic Seizures Epidemiology and Causes of Seizures and Epilepsy Genetics Seizure Classification and Terminology Focal Seizures Diagnostic Evaluation of a Seizure Disorder Status Epilepticus Classification of Epilepsies and Epileptic Syndromes Rare Status Epilepticus Syndromes Principles of Antiepileptic Drug Use Lifestyle 40. Movement Disorders in Childhood Movement Disorders Chief Complaint History Physical Examination Dystonia Chorea/Athetosis/Ballismus Ataxia Tremor Tics Stereotypies Myoclonus Dyskinetic Cerebral Palsy Conditions That Mimic Movement Disorders 41. Altered Mental Status Altered Mental Status Altered States of Consciousness Detailed Investigation Trauma Primary Brain Diseases Intracranial Tumor Toxic Encephalopathy Metabolic Encephalopathies 42. Encephalitis Etiology Diagnostic Emergencies: Other Diseases to Exclude COVID-19 ASSOCIATED CNS MANIFESTATIONS 43. Eye Disorders Eye and Visual System Anatomy Development of the Eye and Visual System Amblyopia and Vision Screening Visual Fields Strabismus Refractive Errors Vision Impairment in Children Retinopathy of Prematurity Leukocoria and Retinoblastoma Childhood Cataracts Glaucoma in Childhood Childhood Uveitis Nasolacrimal Problems in Childhood Red Eye Eyelid Abnormalities Orbital Tumors Ocular Manifestations of Systemic Disease Nystagmus Ocular Trauma Functional Vision Loss Visual Complaints of Children Section 8. Musculoskeletal Disorders 44. Arthritis History Review of Systems Physical Examination Laboratory Studies Diagnostic Imaging Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Dermatomyositis Scleroderma Rheumatic Fever IGA Vasculitis/Henoch-Schönlein Purpura Myalgia Complex Regional Pain Syndrome 45. Gait Disturbances Gait Cycle Development of Gait Clinical Evaluation of Gait Disturbances Gait Disturbances 46. Back Pain Normal Anatomy, Growth, and Development of the Spine Normal Spinal Alignment Evaluation of the Pediatric Spine Back Pain of Brief Duration Persistent Back Pain Specific Diagnoses 47. Hypermobility Evaluating Hypermobility Connective Tissue and Its Role in These Disorders Diagnostic Characterization of Hypermobility Closing Considerations Section 9. Hematologic Disorders 48. Lymphadenopathy and Neck Masses Mechanism of Lymphadenopathy Developmental Anomalies and Soft Tissue Tumors 49. Pallor and Anemia History Physical Examination Laboratory Evaluation Classification of Anemia Diagnostic Work-up Differential Diagnosis of Anemia Anemia in the Neonate 50. Pancytopenia/Aplastic Anemia/Bone Marrow Failure History Hypocellular Marrow Acquired Red Flags 51. Bleeding and Thrombosis Coagulation Cascade Coagulation Inhibitors Platelet-Endothelial Cells Axis Developmental Hemostasis Clues from History and Physical Examination Mucocutaneous Bleeding Deep Bleeding Generalized Bleeding Thrombosis Anticoagulant Therapy Section 10. Infectious Diseases/Immune/Inflammation 52. Fever Definitions Pathophysiology of Fever Fever Without Source Fever of Unknown Origin 53. Fever and Rash Fever and Rash 54. Recurrent Fever, Immune Deficiency, and Autoinflammatory Disorders History and Physical Examination Asplenia The Patient with Hereditary Inflammatory Disorders The Immunodeficient Patient Humoral Immune Disorders Combined Immunodeficiency Disorders Combined Immune Deficiencies Immunodeficiencies with Syndromic Features Complement System Deficiencies Phagocytic Disorders Disorders of Macrophage Function Immune Disregulation Syndromes Section 11. Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders 55. Disorders of Puberty Normal Pubertal Development Precocious Puberty Delayed or Absent Puberty 56. Short Stature Definition Fetal Growth and Birth Size Measuring a Child Body Proportions General Well-Being Bone Age Endocrine Disorders Hypothyroidism Bone Dysplasias Evaluating the Child with Short Stature Important Considerations in the History Therapeutic Options Other Treatments 57. Hypoglycemia Definition of Hypoglycemia Regulation of Blood Glucose Concentration Clinical Manifestations Causes of Transient Neonatal Hypoglycemia Causes of Persistent Hypoglycemia in Infants and Children Diagnosis of Hypoglycemia Treatment of Hypoglycemia 58. Polyuria and Urinary Incontinence Polyuria and Urinary Incontinence Voiding Physiology Toilet Training Urine Volume and Solute Diuresis 59. Acid–Base and Electrolyte Disturbances Acid–Base Balance Acid–Base Disorders Symptoms of Acid–Base Disorders Renal Regulation of Acid–Base Balance Metabolic Acidosis Metabolic Alkalosis Respiratory Acidosis Respiratory Alkalosis Mixed Acid–Base Disorders Potassium Disorders Hypokalemia Hyperkalemia Sodium Disorders Hyponatremia Hypernatremia Calcium Disorders Rickets Section 12. Dermatology 60. Congenital Cutaneous Lesions and Infantile Rashes Rashes (Table 60.1) Fixed Lesions Transient and Physiologic Changes to the Skin Rare and Genetic Disorders 61. Acquired Rashes in the Older Child History, Physical Examination, and Diagnostic Procedures Dermatologic Disorders in Older Infants and Children Disorders of Pigmentation Reactive Erythemas Hypersensitivity Reactions Bullous Lesions Purpura and Petechiae Hair Loss Infections and Infestations Acne Vulgaris Lumps and Bumps Index