Covering the broad range of benign and malignant disorders that affect the hematopoietic system, Hematopathology, 3rd Edition, remains your #1 source of authoritative information in this fast-changing field. Edited by Dr. Elaine Jaffe and a team of globally renowned, expert co-editors, it offers a wealth of up-to-date information in an easily accessible format, equipping you to deliver more accurate and actionable pathology reports. Comprehensive in scope, this highly illustrated, practical text is a must-have resource for residents and practicing pathologists alike.
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Cover image Title page Table of Contents Copyright Contributors Preface Part I. Technical Aspects **Chapter 1. Processing of the Lymph Node Biopsy Specimen** ASSESSING AND PRIORITIZING FRESH TISSUE GROSS PROCESSING OF THE LYMPH NODE BIOPSY ROUTINE HISTOLOGIC, HISTOCHEMICAL, AND SPECIAL STAINS REPORTING THE LYMPH NODE BIOPSY Pearls and Pitfalls **Chapter 2. Fine-Needle Aspiration of Lymph Nodes** SPECIMEN COLLECTION AND PROCESSING ANCILLARY STUDIES NON-NEOPLASTIC ASPIRATES ASPIRATES OF LYMPHOID NEOPLASMS LIMITATIONS OF FINE-NEEDLE ASPIRATION ROLE OF CORE NEEDLE BIOPSY IN LYMPHOMA DIAGNOSIS Pearls and Pitfalls **Chapter 3. Immunohistochemistry for the Hematopathology Laboratory** INTRODUCTION BASIC IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY ANTIGENS OF HEMATOPATHOLOGIC INTEREST BEYOND DIAGNOSTICS: THE EVOLVING ROLE OF IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION APPROACH TO USING IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY Pearls and Pitfalls **Chapter 4. Flow Cytometry** GENERAL PRINCIPLES TECHNICAL CONSIDERATIONS MATURE B-CELL NEOPLASMS PLASMA CELL NEOPLASMS MATURE T-CELL NEOPLASMS NATURAL KILLER CELL NEOPLASMS FLOW CYTOMETRY IN DIAGNOSIS AND CLASSIFICATION OF ACUTE LEUKEMIA CHRONIC MYELOID NEOPLASMS Acknowledgements Pearls and Pitfalls **Chapter 5. Molecular Pathology of Hematologic Neoplasms** INTRODUCTION BIOLOGICAL AND TECHNOLOGIC ISSUES LYMPHOID NEOPLASMS MYELOID NEOPLASMS POTENTIAL PITFALLS OF MOLECULAR TESTING SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS Acknowledgments Pearls and Pitfalls **Chapter 6. Important Chromosomal Aberrations in Hematologic Neoplasms and Key Techniques to Diagnose Them** TYPES OF CHROMOSOMAL ABERRATIONS IN HEMATOLOGIC MALIGNANCIES CONVENTIONAL CYTOGENETIC METHODS MOLECULAR CYTOGENETIC METHODS CLINICAL RELEVANCE OF CHROMOSOMAL ABNORMALITIES IN HEMATOLOGIC MALIGNANCIES CONCLUSION Pearls and Pitfalls Acknowledgments Part II. Normal and Reactive Conditions of Hematopoietic Tissues **Chapter 7. Normal Lymphoid Organs and Tissues** NORMAL LYMPHOID TISSUES B-CELL AND T-CELL DIFFERENTIATION Acknowledgements Pearls and Pitfalls **Chapter 8. Reactive Lymphadenopathies** FOLLICULAR AND NODULAR PATTERNS PREDOMINANTLY SINUS PATTERN INTERFOLLICULAR OR MIXED PATTERNS DIFFUSE PATTERN Pearls and Pitfalls **Chapter 9. The Normal Bone Marrow** INTRODUCTION MEDICAL INDICATIONS FOR BONE MARROW EXAMINATION COMPONENTS OF A BONE MARROW EVALUATION COLLECTION OF BONE MARROW ASPIRATE AND CORE BIOPSY PROCESSING OF MARROW TREPHINE BIOPSY AND ASPIRATE BONE MARROW EVALUATION CYTOCHEMISTRY AND HISTOCHEMISTRY BONE MARROW EXAMINATION AND REPORTING CONCLUSION Acknowledgments Pearls and Pitfalls **Chapter 10. Evaluation of Anemia, Leukopenia, and Thrombocytopenia** EVALUATION OF ANEMIA EVALUATION OF LEUKOPENIA EVALUATION OF THROMBOCYTOPENIA EVALUATION OF SPECIFIC BONE MARROW FAILURE SYNDROMES Pearls and Pitfalls **Chapter 11. Bone Marrow Findings in Inflammatory, Infectious, and Metabolic Disorders** REACTIVE NEUTROPHILIA REACTIVE LYMPHOCYTOSIS REACTIVE EOSINOPHILIA REACTIVE BASOPHILIA REACTIVE MONOCYTOSIS BONE MARROW IN INFECTIOUS DISORDERS BONE MARROW IN NON-INFECTIOUS SYSTEMIC AND INFLAMMATORY DISORDERS CONCLUSION Pearls and Pitfalls Part III. Lymphoid Neoplasms **Chapter 12. Principles of Classification of Lymphoid Neoplasms** INTRODUCTION HISTORICAL BACKGROUND THE ICC AND WHO 5TH ED. PROPOSALS: SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES CONCLUSION Pearls and Pitfalls Section 1. MATURE B-CELL NEOPLASMS **Chapter 13. Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia/Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma, Monoclonal B-Cell Lymphocytosis, and B-Cell Prolymphocytic Leukemia** CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA/SMALL LYMPHOCYTIC LYMPHOMA MONOCLONAL B-CELL LYMPHOCYTOSIS B-CELL PROLYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA Pearls and Pitfalls **Chapter 14. Lymphoplasmacytic Lymphoma and Waldenström Macroglobulinemia** DEFINITION OF THE DISEASE SYNONYMS AND RELATED TERMS EPIDEMIOLOGY CLINICAL FEATURES MORPHOLOGY IMMUNOPHENOTYPE MOLECULAR GENETIC FINDINGS POSTULATED NORMAL COUNTERPART AND PATHOGENESIS CLINICAL COURSE, TREATMENT, AND PROGNOSIS DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS Pearls and Pitfalls **Chapter 15. Hairy Cell Leukemia** DEFINITION OF DISEASE AND NOMENCLATURE EPIDEMIOLOGY ETIOLOGY CLINICAL FEATURES MORPHOLOGY PHENOTYPE GENETICS AND MOLECULAR FINDINGS POSTULATED CELL OF ORIGIN AND NORMAL COUNTERPART VARIANTS DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS CLINICAL COURSE AND TREATMENT PROGNOSTIC AND PREDICTIVE FACTORS Pearls and Pitfalls **Chapter 16. Splenic Marginal Zone Lymphoma and Other Small B-Cell Neoplasms in the Spleen** DEFINITION SYNONYMS AND RELATED TERMS EPIDEMIOLOGY ETIOLOGY CLINICAL FEATURES MORPHOLOGY IMMUNOPHENOTYPE GENETICS OTHER SPLENIC B-CELL LYMPHOMAS Pearls and Pitfalls **Chapter 17. Follicular Lymphoma** Definition Epidemiology Clinical Features Morphologic Features Grading and Terminology Related B-Cell Lymphomas and Follicular Proliferations Immunophenotype Cytogenetic and Genetic Features Postulated Normal Counterpart and Pathogenesis Etiology Clinical Course Differential Diagnosis Pearls and Pitfalls **Chapter 18. Extranodal Marginal Zone Lymphoma: MALT Lymphoma** Definition Synonyms and Related Terms Epidemiology Etiology Histopathology of Acquired Malt Pathology of Malt Lymphoma Immunohistochemistry Genetic Features of Malt Lymphoma Postulated Cell of Origin Clinical Course Differential Diagnosis Pearls and Pitfalls **Chapter 19. Primary Cutaneous B-Cell Lymphomas** Historical Background Primary Cutaneous MARGINAL ZONE Lymphoproliferative Disorder Primary Cutaneous FOLLICLE CENTER Lymphoma Primary Cutaneous Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma, Leg Type Intravascular Large B-Cell Lymphoma B-Lymphoblastic Lymphoma Ebv-Positive Mucocutaneous Ulcer and Other Cutaneous Immunodeficiency-Associated B-Cell LymphOproliferative Disorders Pearls and Pitfalls **Chapter 20. Nodal Marginal Zone Lymphoma** Definition Epidemiology, Etiology, and Cofactors Clinical Features Morphology Immunophenotype Genetics and Molecular Findings Postulated Cell of Origin Clinical Course and Prognostic Factors PEDIATRIC-TYPE NODAL MARGINAL ZONE LYMPHOMA (PT-NMZL) Differential Diagnosis Pearls and Pitfalls **Chapter 21. Mantle Cell Lymphoma** DEFINITION EPIDEMIOLOGY CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS MORPHOLOGY IMMUNOPHENOTYPE MANTLE CELL LYMPHOMA VARIANTS CYTOGENETIC FINDINGS MOLECULAR CHARACTERISTICS POSTULATED CELL OF ORIGIN MULTISTEP DEVELOPMENT OF MANTLE CELL LYMPHOMA Clinical Course PROGNOSTIC PARAMETERS THERAPY DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS Pearls and Pitfalls **Chapter 22. Aggressive B-Cell Lymphomas Including Diffuse Large B-
Cell Lymphoma, High-Grade B-Cell Lymphomas, and Related Entities** DEFINITION EPIDEMIOLOGY ETIOLOGY CLINICAL FEATURES MORPHOLOGY IMMUNOPHENOTYPE CYTOGENETIC AND MOLECULAR FEATURES POSTULATED CELL OF ORIGIN SPECIAL CLINICAL AND PATHOLOGIC SUBSETS OF DLBCL CLINICAL COURSE DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS Pearls and Pitfalls **Chapter 23. Primary Mediastinal (Thymic) Large B-Cell Lymphoma** DEFINITION EPIDEMIOLOGY CLINICAL FEATURES PATHOLOGIC FEATURES GENETIC FINDINGS DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS Pearls and Pitfalls **Chapter 24. Primary Effusion Lymphoma** DEFINITION SYNONYMS EPIDEMIOLOGY ETIOLOGY CLINICAL FEATURES MORPHOLOGIC FEATURES IMMUNOPHENOTYPE CYTOGENETIC AND MOLECULAR FEATURES DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS CLINICAL COURSE Pearls and Pitfalls **Chapter 25. Burkitt Lymphoma** DEFINITION EPIDEMIOLOGY ETIOLOGY CLINICAL FEATURES MORPHOLOGY IMMUNOPHENOTYPE GENETIC FEATURES DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS CLINICAL COURSE SUMMARY Pearls and Pitfalls **Chapter 26. Plasmablastic Lymphoma** INTRODUCTION CLINICAL FEATURES MORPHOLOGY IMMUNOPHENOTYPE GENETIC FEATURES DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS CLINICAL COURSE Pearls and Pitfalls **Chapter 27. B-Cell Lymphomas with Plasmacytic Differentiation** INTRODUCTION PLASMA CELL NEOPLASMS AND ASSOCIATED CONDITIONS EXTRANODAL MARGINAL ZONE LYMPHOMA WITH PLASMACYTIC DIFFERENTIATION LYMPHOPLASMACYTIC LYMPHOMA OTHER B-CELL NEOPLASMS WITH PLASMACYTIC DIFFERENTIATION Pearls and Pitfalls **Chapter 28. B-Lymphoblastic Leukemia/Lymphoma** INTRODUCTION DEFINITION CLINICAL FEATURES MORPHOLOGIC FEATURES IMMUNOPHENOTYPE CYTOGENETIC AND MOLECULAR FEATURES DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS CLINICAL COURSE AND PROGNOSIS Pearls and Pitfalls Section 2. MATURE T-CELL AND NK-CELL NEOPLASMS **Chapter 29. Overview of Mature T-Cell and NK-Cell Neoplasms** Introduction Pathogenesis Epidemiology and Etiology Pearls and Pitfalls **Chapter 30. T-Lymphoblastic Leukemia/Lymphoma** Definition Clinical Features Pathologic Features Immunophenotype Genetic Features Differential Diagnosis Pearls and Pitfalls **Chapter 31. T-Cell Prolymphocytic Leukemia** Definition Clinical Features Pathologic Features Immunophenotype Genetic Features Differential Diagnosis Clinical Course and Prognosis Pearls and Pitfalls **Chapter 32. Large Granular Lymphocytic Leukemia** Introduction Definition Pathogenesis Clinical Features Morphology Immunophenotype Genetic Features Differential Diagnosis Clinical Course Pearls and Pitfalls **Chapter 33. Aggressive NK-Cell Leukemia** Introduction Definition Epidemiology and Etiology Clinical Features Morphology Immunophenotype Genetic Features Differential Diagnosis Clinical Course Pearls and Pitfalls **Chapter 34. Adult T-Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma** Definition Etiology Clinical Features Pathologic Features Immunophenotype Genetic Features Clinical Course Pearls and Pitfalls **Chapter 35. Extranodal NK/T-Cell Lymphoma, Nasal Type** Introduction Definition Epidemiology and Etiology Clinical Features Pathologic Features Immunophenotype Genetic Features Differential Diagnosis Clinical Course Pearls and Pitfalls **Chapter 36. Enteropathy-Associated T-Cell Lymphoma and Intestinal T-Cell Lymphomas** Definition Subtypes of EATL Clinical Features Pathologic Features Immunophenotype Genetic Features Differential Diagnosis Clinical Course Pearls and Pitfalls **Chapter 37. Hepatosplenic T-Cell Lymphoma** Introduction Definition Clinical Features Pathologic Features Immunophenotype Genetic Features Differential Diagnosis Clinical Course Pearls and Pitfalls **Chapter 38. Subcutaneous Panniculitis-Like T-Cell Lymphoma** Introduction Definition Clinical Features Pathologic Features Immunophenotype Genetic Features Differential Diagnosis Clinical Course Pearls and Pitfalls **Chapter 39. Mycosis Fungoides and Sézary Syndrome** Definition Clinical Features Pathologic Features Immunophenotype Genetic Features Clinical Course Pearls and Pitfalls **Chapter 40. Primary Cutaneous CD30-Positive T-Cell Lymphoproliferative Disorders** Primary Cutaneous Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma Lymphomatoid Papulosis Clinical Features Pathologic Features Immunophenotype Genetic Features Differential Diagnosis Clinical Course Pearls and Pitfalls **Chapter 41. Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma, NOS** Introduction Definition Epidemiology Clinical Features Pathologic Features Immunophenotype Genetic Features Differential Diagnosis Clinical Course Pearls and Pitfalls **Chapter 42. Angioimmunoblastic T-Cell Lymphoma and Other Nodal T-Cell Lymphomas with TFH Phenotype** Definition Subtypes of Nodal T-Cell Lymphomas with TFH Phenotype Clinical Features Pathologic Features Immunophenotype Genetic Features Differential Diagnosis Clinical Course Pearls and Pitfalls **Chapter 43. ALK-Positive Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma** Introduction Definition Clinical Features Pathologic Features Immunophenotype Genetic Features Differential Diagnosis Clinical Course Pearls and Pitfalls **Chapter 44. ALK-Negative Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma** Introduction Definition Clinical Features Pathologic Features Immunophenotype Genetic Features Differential Diagnosis Clinical Course Pearls and Pitfalls Section 3. HODGKIN LYMPHOMA **Chapter 45. Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma** Definition Epidemiology Clinical Features Pathologic Features Immunophenotype Genetic Features Differential Diagnosis Clinical Course Pearls and Pitfalls **Chapter 46. Nodular Lymphocyte-Predominant Hodgkin Lymphoma** Definition Clinical Features Pathologic Features Immunophenotype Genetic Features Differential Diagnosis Clinical Course Pearls and Pitfalls Part IV. Myeloid Neoplasms and Other Bone Marrow Disorders Section 1. MYELOPROLIFERATIVE NEOPLASMS **Chapter 47. Introduction to Myeloid Neoplasms** Introduction Definition of Myeloid Neoplasms Molecular Pathogenesis of Myeloid Neoplasms Classification of Myeloid Neoplasms Summary **Chapter 48. Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia, BCR::ABL1-Positive** Introduction Definition Epidemiology Pathogenesis Clinical Features Pathologic Features Laboratory Findings Differential Diagnosis Prognosis and Predictive Factors Therapy Pearls and Pitfalls **Chapter 49. Chronic Neutrophilic Leukemia** Introduction Definition Pathogenesis Clinical Features Pathologic Features Differential Diagnosis Clinical Course Pearls and Pitfalls **Chapter 50. Polycythemia Vera** Introduction Definition Clinical Features Pathologic Features Diagnosis Therapy Pearls and Pitfalls **Chapter 51. Primary Myelofibrosis** Introduction Definition Clinical Features Pathologic Features Differential Diagnosis Therapy Pearls and Pitfalls **Chapter 52. Essential Thrombocythemia** Introduction Definition Clinical Features Diagnosis Therapy Pearls and Pitfalls **Chapter 53. Chronic Eosinophilic Leukemia, NOS** Introduction Definition Pathogenesis Clinical Features Pathologic Features Differential Diagnosis Clinical Course Pearls and Pitfalls **Chapter 54. Myeloproliferative Neoplasm, Unclassifiable** Introduction Definition Pathogenesis Clinical Features Pathologic Features Differential Diagnosis Clinical Course Therapy Pearls and Pitfalls Section 2. MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROMES **Chapter 55. Overview of Myelodysplastic Syndromes** Introduction Definition Pathogenesis Diagnosis and Classification Clinical Features Therapy Pearls and Pitfalls **Chapter 56. Myelodysplastic/Myeloproliferative Neoplasms** Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia Atypical Chronic Myeloid Leukemia, BCR::ABL1-Negative Juvenile Myelomonocytic Leukemia Myelodysplastic/Myeloproliferative Neoplasm, Unclassifiable Pear
ls and Pitfalls **Chapter 57. Myelodysplastic Syndrome with Single-Lineage Dysplasia** Introduction Definition Pathogenesis Clinical Features Pathologic Features Differential Diagnosis Clinical Course Therapy Pearls and Pitfalls **Chapter 58. Myelodysplastic Syndrome with Ring Sideroblasts** Introduction Definition Pathogenesis Clinical Features Pathologic Features Differential Diagnosis Clinical Course Therapy Pearls and Pitfalls **Chapter 59. Myelodysplastic Syndrome with Multilineage Dysplasia** Introduction Definition Pathogenesis Clinical Features Pathologic Features Differential Diagnosis Clinical Course Therapy Pearls and Pitfalls **Chapter 60. Myelodysplastic Syndrome with Excess Blasts** Introduction Definition Pathogenesis Clinical Features Pathologic Features Differential Diagnosis Clinical Course Therapy Pearls and Pitfalls **Chapter 61. Myelodysplastic Syndrome, Unclassifiable** Introduction Definition Pathogenesis Clinical Features Pathologic Features Differential Diagnosis Clinical Course Therapy Pearls and Pitfalls Section 3. ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA **Chapter 62. Overview of Acute Myeloid Leukemia** Introduction Definition Pathogenesis Clinical Features Therapy Prognosis Pearls and Pitfalls **Chapter 63. Acute Myeloid Leukemia with Recurrent Genetic Abnormalities** Introduction Definition Clinical Features Pathologic Features Therapy Pearls and Pitfalls **Chapter 64. Acute Myeloid Leukemia with Myelodysplasia-Related Changes** Introduction Definition Clinical Features Pathologic Features Therapy Pearls and Pitfalls **Chapter 65. Therapy-Related Myeloid Neoplasms** Introduction Definition Clinical Features Pathologic Features Therapy Pearls and Pitfalls **Chapter 66. Acute Myeloid Leukemia, NOS** Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia with Minimal Differentiation Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia Without Maturation Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia with Maturation Acute Myelomonocytic Leukemia Acute Monoblastic/Monocytic Leukemia Acute Erythroid Leukemia Acute Megakaryoblastic Leukemia Acute Basophilic Leukemia Acute Panmyelosis with Myelofibrosis Pearls and Pitfalls Section 4. HISTIOCYTIC AND DENDRITIC CELL NEOPLASMS **Chapter 67. Overview of Histiocytic and Dendritic Cell Neoplasms** Introduction Definition Pathogenesis Clinical Features Therapy Pearls and Pitfalls **Chapter 68. Histiocytic Sarcoma** Introduction Definition Clinical Features Pathologic Features Therapy Pearls and Pitfalls **Chapter 69. Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis** Introduction Definition Clinical Features Pathologic Features Therapy Pearls and Pitfalls **Chapter 70. Langerhans Cell Sarcoma** Introduction Definition Clinical Features Pathologic Features Therapy Pearls and Pitfalls **Chapter 71. Interdigitating Dendritic Cell Sarcoma** Introduction Definition Clinical Features Pathologic Features Therapy Pearls and Pitfalls **Chapter 72. Follicular Dendritic Cell Sarcoma** Introduction Definition Clinical Features Pathologic Features Therapy Pearls and Pitfalls **Chapter 73. Fibroblastic Reticular Cell Tumor** Introduction Definition Clinical Features Pathologic Features Therapy Pearls and Pitfalls Appendix 1. Genetic Findings in Lymphoma Appendix 2. Genetic Findings in Leukemia Appendix 3. Major Genetic Findings in Other Myeloid Disorders Appendix 4. Myeloid Neoplasm-Associated Fusion Genes Appendix 5. Myeloid Neoplasm-Associated Gene Mutations Appendix 6. Genetic Findings in Histiocytic and Dendritic Cell Neoplasms
Author
Elaine Sarkin Jaffe, Daniel A. Arber, Elias Campo, Leticia Quintanilla-Fend, Attilio Orazi, Lisa M. Rimsza, Steven H. Swerdlow
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