Clinical Management of Binocular Vision

Preface                                                             vi
Acknowledgments                                                   vii
SECTION I Diagnosis and General Treatment Approach
1 Diagnostic T esting                                               2
2 Case Analysis and Classification                                   47
3 General Treatment Modalities, Guidelines, and Prognosis               85
4 Primary Care of Binocular Vision, Accommodative, and Eye
Movement Disorders                                          108
SECTION II Vision Therapy Procedures and Instrumentation
5 Introduction and General Concepts                                130
6 Fusional Vergence, Voluntary Convergence, and Antisuppression        150
7 Accommodative T echniques                                     196
8 Ocular Motility Procedures                                      207
SECTION III Management
9 Low AC/A Conditions: Convergence Insufficiency and
Divergence Insufficiency                                        217
10 High Accommodative Convergence to Accommodation Conditions: Convergence Excess and Divergence Excess                        255
11 Normal AC/A Conditions: Fusional Vergence Dysfunction, Basic Esophoria, and Basic Exophoria                              287
12 Accommodative Dysfunction                                    313
13 Eye Movement Disorders                                       345
14 Cyclovertical Heterophoria                                       364
15 Fixation Disparity                                              401
SECTION IV Advanced Diagnostic and Management Issues
16 Interactions between Accommodation and Vergence                  422
17 Refractive Amblyopia                                           440
18 Nystagmus                                                  460
19 Aniseikonia                                                  484
20 Binocular and Accommodative Problems Associated with Computer Use                                                514
21 Binocular and Accommodative Problems Associated with Acquired Brain Injury                                           540
22 Binocular and Accommodative Problems Associated with Learning Problems                                            564
23 Development and Management of Refractive Error: Binocular Vision–Based T reatment                                587
24 Binocular Vision Problems Associated with Refractive Surgery          663
SECTION V Vision Therapy and Optometric Practice
25 Patient and Practice Management Issues in Vision Therapy             680
Appendices                                                        691
Index                                                          706